Lecturers’ Perceptions of Integrating Islamic Environmental Ethics into Sustainability Education
Keywords:
Environmental ethics, sustainability, values-based education, curriculum integrationAbstract
This study examines lecturers’ perceptions of integrating Islamic environmental ethics in sustainability education in Libyan higher education institutions. Using a mixed-methods design, survey data were collected from 150 lecturers at the University of Zawia using a 21item questionnaire covering conceptual understanding, perceived importance, teaching practices, perceived outcomes, institutional support, and challenges/professional needs. Semi-structured interviews with 10 lecturers were conducted to contextualize and explain the quantitative patterns. Quantitative findings showed strong support to the conceptual coherence and importance of Islamic environmental ethics for sustainability education, with high perceived student outcomes, but only moderate levels of reported teaching practices. Institutional support received the lowest ratings and showed high variability, while professional development and time constraints emerged as notable needs. Qualitative themes indicated that lecturers commonly anchor sustainability in Islamic concepts such as khilafah (stewardship), amanah (trust), mizan (balance), and harm prevention, and report higher student engagement when sustainability is framed as moral accountability and identity-consistent learning. However, implementation was constrained by limited structured programs, scarce teaching materials, lack of locally grounded Libyan case resources, and challenges in assessing ethical learning outcomes. The study suggests implementation pathway from ethical integration to pedagogical translation and institutional enabling conditions, offering implications for curriculum design, staff development, and policy to support scalable integration in Libyan universities.
References
Abdulghani, N. A., & Alrumayh, S. H. (2025). An Islamic legal perspective on contemporary health issues: Integrating traditional and modern approaches. Jurnal Ilmu Psikologi dan Kesehatan (SIKONTAN), 3(4), 187–198. https://doi.org/10.47353/sikontan.v3i4.2785
Abdulghani, N., Masuwd, M., Alrumayh, S., Masoud, M., & Touré, Y. (2025). Maqasid al-Shariah as a Framework for Developing Critical Thinking in Islamic Higher Education. Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Science, 1(2), 47-63. https://ejournal.stitalyaqin.ac.id/index.php/joise/article/view/44
Abdullaha, L., Baroud, N., Alsaeh, F., kasheem, A., Alouzi, K., Shalghoum, N., Abdullah, M., &HusnaNashihin. (2026). Advancing Sustainable Development Goals through Islamic Education: A Mixed-Methods Study among Scientific Disciplines at the University of Zawia. Amorti: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner, 5(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.59944/amorti.v5i1.589
Abrahem, M., & Baroud, N. (2025). EXPLORING CULTURAL, POLITICAL, AND SOCIOECONOMIC INFLUENCES ON COLLECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN LIBYA. Jurnal Ilmu Psikologi Dan Kesehatan (SIKONTAN), 3(4), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.47353/sikontan.v3i4.2784
Achmadin, B. Z., Anggraini, R. D., Ulum, M. S., & Masuwd, M. (2025). Prophetic Education: Understanding the Relevance of Qur’anic Verses in the Context of Modern Education. Al-Riwayah : Jurnal Kependidikan, 17(2), 204–231. https://doi.org/10.47945/al-riwayah.v17i2.1956
Achmadin, B. Z., Anggraini, R. D., Ulum, M. S., & Masuwd, M. (2025). Prophetic Education: Understanding the Relevance of Qur’anic Verses in the Context of Modern Education. Al-Riwayah: Jurnal Kependidikan, 17(2), 204–231. https://doi.org/10.47945/al-riwayah.v17i2.1956
Aini, A. F., Zulfikar, E., &Masuwd, M. (2025). Debating the Historicity of the Qur’an: Between Revisionist-Skeptical and Dialogical-Academic Approaches. Canonia Religia, 3(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.30762/cr.v3i1.3165
Al Dokali, N., Aljarmi, A., & Baroud, N. (2025). AI Applications in Chemistry Education: Student Engagement, Learning Outcomes, and Practical Insights. LAVOISIER: Chemistry Education Journal, 4(2), 140-154. https://doi.org/10.24952/lavoisier.v4i2.17475
Aladi, S., &Barkah, S. (2026). Philosophical inquiry in the age of AI and digital technologies: Critical thinking pedagogy for digital natives. Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI), 8(1), 255–275. https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v8i1.708
Albshkar, H. A., Alouzi, K. M., Numan, M. ., Anuar, K. A. B. A., & Domdom, C. B. (2025). Five Activities to Enhance Spiritual and Emotional Intelligence in International Students. Journal of International Affairs and Students Mobility, 1(1), 29-40. https://jiasmy.intischolar.id/index.php/jiasmy/article/view/3
Aljarmi A., Baroud, & Algub S. (2025). The Impact of Integrating Gamification into Cooperative Learning TPS on Students’ Mastery of Heterocyclic Compound Nomenclature. Orbital: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia, 9(1), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.19109/ojpk.v9i1.27826
Almajri, S., Baroud, N., Alouzi, K. M., & Kasheem, A. (2025). Islamic psychology: An integrative approach to human behavior and mental well-being. Bulletin of Islamic Research, 3(4), 687–704. https://doi.org/10.69526/bir.v3i4.353
Alouzi, K. M. (2024). Assessment of Requirements for the Creation of Course Materials for English as a Second Language for Students Majoring in Subjects Other Than English. Majapahit Journal of English Studies, 2(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.69965/mjes.v2i1.105
Alriteemi, A., Masuwd, M.,Masoud, M., Alsayd, A., Aboujanah, Y., Alrumayh, S., & Ayad, N. (2025). The Geography of Place in the Qur’anic Narrative: A Hermeneutical Study of the Story of Moses and Al-Khidr through the Lenses of Philosophical Symbolism and Pedagogical Perception. Tebuireng: Journal of Islamic Studies and Society, 6(1), 119–138. https://doi.org/10.33752/tjiss.v6i1.9813
Alrumayh, S. (2025). AI and Qur’anic Interpretation: Exploring the Ethical and Epistemological Boundaries of Artificial Intelligence in Understanding the Qur’an. Al Furqan: JurnalIlmu Al Quran Dan Tafsir, 8(2), 223-239. https://doi.org/10.58518/alfurqan.v8i2.4243
Alrumayh, S., Ayad, N., Alouzi, K., Ibrahim, D., Abdullah, M., Masoud, M., & Kasheem, M. (2025). Perceptions of Islamic Studies, Sharia, and Law Students Towards the Use of Artificial Intelligence in English Learning. Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI), 7(3), 2238 – 2256. https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v7i3.504
Alsaeh, F., Alrumayh, S., Baroud, N., Alsaeh, E., & Kasheem, A. (2025). Honey and Healing in the Qur’an: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Surah Al-Nahl (68–69): العسل والشفاء في القرآن الكريم: تحليل متعدد المناهج لآيتي سورة النحل (68–69). Al Karima :JurnalStudiIlmu Al Quran Dan Tafsir, 9(2), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.58438/alkarima.v9i2.434
Alzletni, N., Albshkar, H., Ayad, N., Alsayd, A., & Alouzi, K. (2025). Al-Syi’r al-Shufi al-Mu’ashir Dirasah Lughawiyah Dalaliyah Liqasha’id Mukhtarah li al-Syaikh Muhammad al-Mahjub Hasan al-Libiy. International Journal of Da’wah and Islamic Contemporary Issues, 1(1), 37–47. Retrieved from https://journal.itqanpreneurs.com/index.php/ijdici/article/view/100
Andriawan, D., & Alrumayh, S. (2025). Quran, Sufism and Social Culture Awakening of Medieval Türkiye: The Case of Akhism. Al-Karim: International Journal of Quranic and Islamic Studies, 3(2), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.33367/al-karim.v3i2.7859
Ayad, N., Masuwd, M. A., & Alrumayh, S. (2025). From riba to zakat: An analytical study of Islamic economic principles and their distinction from conventional economics. Bulletin of Islamic Research, 3(4), 733–752. https://doi.org/10.69526/bir.v3i4.358
Barkah, S., & Aladi, S. (2026). Philosophy in context: Learning experiences of language and translation students in Libya. Journal of Education and Teacher Training Innovation, 4(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.61227/bep21583
Baroud, N. (2024). A Systematic Comparison of Students Attitudes Toward Practical Work in Chemistry Department Faculty of Education, Zawia -University of Zawia: A Systematic Comparison of Students Attitudes Toward Practical Work . IJCER (International Journal of Chemistry Education Research), 8(2), 137–143. https://doi.org/10.20885/ijcer.vol8.iss2.art7
Baroud, N., & Aljarmi, A. (2025). Enhancing Students Understanding of Hybridization in Organic Compounds through a Flipped Classroom Approach Combined with Game-Based Learning . Jurnal Pijar Mipa, 20(3), 387–393. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8725
Baroud, N., Alrwesse, R., Aljarmi, A., & Masuwd, M. (2026). Diagnosing Misconceptions in SN1 and SN2 Mechanisms Using a Five-Tier Diagnostic Test (FTDAT): Implications for Curriculum Improvement. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 32(1), 1-9.
Baroud, N., Ardila, Y., Akmal, F., & Sabrina, R. (2025). Opportunities and Challenges for Islamic Education Teachers in Using Artificial Intelligence in Learning. Muaddib: Journal of Islamic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 1-11. https://muaddib.intischolar.id/index.php/muaddib/article/view/6
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
DeVellis, R. F., & Thorpe, C. T. (2021). Scale development: Theory and applications. Sage publications.
Elihami, E., Masuwd, M. A., Sheerly, S., Ismail, I., Sitonda, S., & Sudirman, M. Y. (2024). Data-driven approaches in Islamic quality management and education technology for advancing sustainable development goals. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 14(3), 1599–1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v14.i3.2024109
Fitri Lestari, U., M. Sahbana, D., Dinata, S., HenirayuzaNst, Y., Achmad, F., Sholiha, M., & Masuwd, M. (2025). Implementation of learning strategies to enhance students’ reading interest. At Turots: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 826–837. https://doi.org/10.51468/jpi.v7i2.1150
Hajijah, A., Nasution, M., Hasibuan, N. A. P., Hilda, L., & Baroud, N. Y. (2025). Fostering critical thinking through socio-scientific issue-based problem-based learning in stoichiometry instruction. JTK (Jurnal Tadris Kimiya), 10(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.15575/jtk.v10i1.43992
Hasibuan, A., Nasution, I. F. A., & Masuwd, M. (2024). Tarekat in the digital age: Transforming spirituality for the age of technology. Religia, 27(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.28918/religia.v27i1.2306
Hilman, C., Ishom, M., Sarkawi, S., & Alouzi, K. M. (2024). Adoption of mobile-assisted language learning in improving college students’ English listening skills. International Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2(10), 2711–2722.
Husayn, E., Alrumayh, S., Kasheem, M., Ibrahim, D., Alouzi, K., Shalghoum, N., &Almajri, S. (2025). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Knowledge Management: Faculty Perspectives from the University of Zawia’s Faculties of Economics, Management, and Law. Journal of Education and Teacher Training Innovation, 3(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.61227/jetti.v3i1.163
Husin, H., Aziz, A. bin A., & Masuwd, M. (2025). Integrating Al-Ghazali’s educational philosophy: Advancing transformative learning in Islamic schools in the digital era. SYAMIL: Journal of Islamic Education, 13(1), 29–51. https://doi.org/10.21093/sy.v13i1.10263
Ibrahim, D., Aboujanah, Y., Alouzi, K., Albshkar, H., Masoud, M., & Almajri, S. (2025). The Use of Artificial Intelligence-Based Translation Tools for Language Department Students. Journal of Arabic Literature, Teaching and Learning, 1(3), 76-92. https://jaliter.intischolar.id/index.php/jaliter/article/view/7
Ingkap, H., Fitrayani, & Masuwd M. (2025). The Role of Islamic Economics in Promoting Inclusive and Sustainable Development . AL-FALAH : Journal of Islamic Economics, 2(10), 302–319. https://doi.org/10.29240/alfalah.v2i10.14684
Iskandar, I., Samsuddin, S., Idharudin, A. J., Maya, R.,Masuwd, M.,& Azizah, B. N. (2025). The Integrated Islamic Education System in Islamic Movements: A Philosophical Analysis of Wahdah Islamiyah’s Educational Model. El-Suffah: Jurnal Studi Islam, 2(2), 190–218. https://doi.org/10.70742/suffah.v2i2.416
Kasheem, A., Baroud, N., & Almajri, S. K. (2025). The role of emotional intelligence in enhancing teacher-student relationships in rural schools. SIBATIK Journal: JurnalIlmiahBidangSosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan, 4(8), 1693–1704. https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v4i8.3158
Kasheem, M., Yahya, N., Shalghoum, N., Masuwd, M., Alriteemi, A., Abdullah, M., Alsaeh, F., & Alrumayh, S. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Academic Research: Adoption, Opportunities, and Barriers among Faculty in Libya Higher Education. Multidisciplinary Journal of Thought and Research, 1(3), 109-127. https://mujoter.intischolar.id/index.php/mujoter/article/view/20
Lawal, M. O. ., Alrumayh , S. ., & Azkia, F. (2026). Servant Leadership as an Islamic Ethical Practice: Evidence from Public Secondary School in Kwara State, Nigeria. TATHO: International Journal of Islamic Thought and Sciences, 3(1), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.70512/tatho.v3i1.180
Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K., Alonso-Almeida, M., Huisingh, D., Lozano, F. J., Waas, T., ... & Hugé, J. (2015). A review of commitment and implementation of sustainable development in higher education: results from a worldwide survey. Journal of cleaner production, 108, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.048
Maati, A., Alzletni, N., Yahya, N., Barkah, S., Aladi, S., Alrumayh, S., … Masuwd, M. (2025). Bridging Faith and Sustainability: Faculty Attitudes toward Integrating Research Priorities with Islamic Educational Values and SDG 4. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research of Education, 1(3), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.34125/jomre.v1i3.34
Masoud, M., Kasheem, M., Barkah, S., Alsaeh, F., Baroud, N., & Albshkar, H. (2025). Balancing Technology and Empathy: Faculty Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in University Counseling. Coution: Journal Counseling and Education, 6(2), 147-166.https://doi.org/10.47453/coution.v6i2.3624
Masuwd, M. (2026). Revitalizing the Mosque’s Role as an Economic Stabilizer for the Muslim Community: Social Fiqh Perspectives and Contemporary Practice. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan, 20(1), 291-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/aq.v20i1.5913
Masuwd, M. A. (2025). Hadith, Law, And Orientalism: A Critical Study of Joseph Schacht’s Theoretical Contributions. Ad-dawl: Jurnal Islamic Studies, 1(1), 10-24. https://doi.org/10.61590/jis.v1i1.208
Masuwd, M., Barkah, S., Aladi, S., Elhaj, K., Maati, A., Omar, Z., Hasan, L., Alrumayh, S., & Ahmed, A. H. (2026). Ayat Recitation as Pedagogy: Functions, Recitation Modes, and Digital Supports in Libyan Islamic Studies Classrooms. Journal of Quranic Teaching and Learning, 2(1), 64-77. https://joqer.intischolar.id/index.php/joqer/article/view/26
Masuwd, M.A. (2024). Islamic Pluralism and Küng’s Global Ethical Discourse: Toward a “Global-Maqāṣid” Centered Paradigm. Ittesaal – Journal of Connecting Discourses, 1(2), 41-63. https://doi.org/10.64984/ijcd.1.2.2024.03
Mukarromah, L., Prasetiya, B., &Masuwd, M. (2024). The KyaiLanggar as an Agent of Islamic Education: A Study on the Transformation of Roles in Ngepoh Village. Halaqa: Islamic Education Journal, 8(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.21070/halaqa.v8i2.1696
Muttaqin, M. Z., Alrumayh, S. H., & Barkah, S. A. M. (2026). Utilization of Social Media in Living Qur’an Learning: An Analysis of Generation Z Students. Tunjuk Ajar: Journal of Education and Culture, 2(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.64929/ta.v1i2.34
Nasr, S. H. (1996). Religion and the Order of Nature (No. 167). Oxford University Press, USA.
Paisun, P., Syarifah, & Masuwd, M. (2024). Investigating The Relationship Between Teacher Self-Efficacy and Student Achievement. Andragogi: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(2), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.31538/adrg.v4i2.1303
Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Mixed methods research. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 305-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262619
Primarni, A., Masuwd, M., Makmudi, M., Fa’atin, S., & Nuhdi, A. (2025). The implementation of the theoretical humanism paradigm in holistic education. Journal of Research in Instructional, 5(1), 199-209.
Pulungan, N. H., Adhli, A., Adnir, F., & Masuwd, M. A. (2025). THE HAGARISM THEORY OF MICHAEL COOK: THE QUR’AN AND HADITH IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM. Nabawi: Journal of Hadith Studies, 6(2), 273-304. https://doi.org/10.55987/njhs.v6i2.259
Ritanti, R. A., Marhumah, Q., & Masuwd, M. A. (2025). The Influence Of Friendship On Character Formation: A Thematic Study Of Hadith From A Dramaturgical Perspective. UNIVERSUM: JurnalKeislaman Dan Kebudayaan, 19(2), 20–39. https://doi.org/10.30762/universum.v19i2.3392
Salama, A.. (2025). The Foundations of Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Education . University of Zawia Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 14(1). Retrieved from https://journals.zu.edu.ly/index.php/UZJEPS/article/view/1285
Salamh, A., & Dowa, A. (2025). Evaluating Student Performance Based on Deep Learning Predictions. University of Zawia Journal of Engineering Sciences and Technology, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.26629/uzjest.2025.01
Sebayang, N. S., & Baroud, N. (2024). Sustainable Aquaculture: Increasing Fish Productivity with Environmentally Friendly Techniques in Indonesia and Libya . Assyfa Journal of Farming and Agriculture, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.61650/ajfa.v1i2.203
Setiawan, D., Masuwd, M. A., Maliki, N., Laily, I. F., & Fitriyani, Y. (2023). Impact of Digital Storytelling for Developing Oral Communication Skills, Digital Literacy, and Learning Motivation Among Pre-service Elementary Teachers. International Journal of Educational Qualitative Quantitative Research, 2(2), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.58418/ijeqqr.v2i2.118
Shalghoum, N., Yahya, N., Abdullah, M., Masuwd, M., Kasheem, M., Alrumayh, S., Aryanti, Y., & Rosyadi, N. (2025). Integrating Maqasid al-Shariah into Higher Education: Enhancing the Role of Faculty in Achieving the SDGs. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 4(2), 153–173. https://doi.org/10.24036/insight.v4i2.231
Solihah, I., Aljauhany, I. H., Akmaluddin, K., Mustafidin, A., Alrumayh, S., Rochmawan, A. E., & Azid, A. (2025). Integrating al-Qur’an, Hadith, and science in Islamic education: Tracing scientific insights. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikandan Sains Islam Interdisipliner, 123-131. https://doi.org/10.59944/jipsi.v4i3.453
Sulaksono, Sulistyowati, E., Masnun, M. A., & Yahya, N. (2025). An Ideal Model for The Preparation of Internal Regulations of Universities in Indonesia Based on Meaningful Participation in The Success of Sustainable Development Goals (Sdg's) 2030. Jurnal Suara Hukum, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v7n2.p463-487
Taufikin, T., Syarif, F., & Masuwd, M. A. (2025). Islamic Education Based on Sufi-Transformative Learning: A Philosophical Framework for Pedagogical Change in Pesantren. At-Ta'lim: Media Informasi Pendidikan Islam, 24(1), 22-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/attalim.v24i1.8427
Tilbury, D. (1995). Environmental education for sustainability: Defining the new focus of environmental education in the 1990s. Environmental education research, 1(2), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462950010206
Wals, A. E. (2011). Learning our way to sustainability. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, 5(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1177/097340821100500208
Yahya, N., Abdullah, M., & Masuwd, M. (2025). Development of Digital Education in Libya: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions. International Journal of Education and Digital Learning (IJEDL), 3(5), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.47353/ijedl.v3i5.307
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Laylay Hasan, Zaynab Omar, Karima Elhaj, Abdulrauf Atia, Entisar Alatrish, Fatima Alsaeh, Mohamed Elbi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Cigarskruie: Journal of Educational and Islamic Research by Saniya Institute is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0
It means that:
- Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.
- Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.
- BY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses , approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.
- Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.
- Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.
- Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.
- License Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike.
- Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.
- Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.
- Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.
- Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
- You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
